Methods

 7.1  Creating and Invoking Methods: 

• Methods are blocks of code that perform specific tasks. They allow you to break down your program into smaller, reusable pieces.
• Here's how you can create and invoke a method:  

public class Greeting {
    public static void greet() {
        System.out.println("Hello, World!");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        greet(); // Output: "Hello, World!"
    }
}

 7.2  Method Parameters and Return Types: 

• Methods can take input parameters and return a value. Parameters are variables that allow you to pass values to the method, and return types specify the type of value the method will return.

public class Calculator {
    public static int add(int num1, int num2) {
        return num1 + num2;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int result = add(5, 3);
        System.out.println("Result: " + result); // Output: "Result: 8"
    }
}

 7.3  Method Overloading: 

• Method overloading allows you to have multiple methods with the same name but different parameters.
• This provides flexibility in accepting different types or numbers of arguments.

public class MathOperations {
    public static int add(int num1, int num2) {
        return num1 + num2;
    }

    public static double add(double num1, double num2) {
        return num1 + num2;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int intResult = add(5, 3);
        System.out.println("Integer Result: " + intResult); // Output: "Integer Result: 8"

        double doubleResult = add(2.5, 3.7);
        System.out.println("Double Result: " + doubleResult); // Output: "Double Result: 6.2"
    }
}

 7.4  Recursion: 

• Recursion is a technique where a method calls itself to solve a problem. It's useful for solving problems that can be broken down into smaller, similar subproblems.

public class Factorial {
    public static int factorial(int n) {
        if (n == 0 || n == 1) {
            return 1;
        } else {
            return n * factorial(n - 1);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int result = factorial(5);
        System.out.println("Factorial: " + result); // Output: "Factorial: 120"
    }
}

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